The Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) and the Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer) are often confused due to their similar appearances. However, understanding the key differences between them can help you identify which is which, especially when you encounter them in the wild.
1. Rattles
The most obvious difference is the presence of a rattle. Western Diamondback Rattlesnakes have a rattle at the end of their tails, which they shake as a warning when threatened. In contrast, Gopher Snakes do not have rattles, though they sometimes mimic rattlesnake behavior by vibrating their tails rapidly, especially in dry leaves or grass.
2. Head Shape and Pupils
Rattlesnakes have a distinct triangular or arrow-shaped head, due to their venom glands, and vertical, slit-like pupils. Gopher Snakes, on the other hand, have a more rounded head and round pupils. The shape of the head is a critical feature in distinguishing between venomous and non-venomous snakes.
3. Body Markings
While both snakes have dark blotches along their backs, the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake has a distinctive pattern of diamond-shaped markings. Gopher Snakes have more irregular or oval blotches, and their patterns are less uniform. Also, rattlesnakes typically have black and white banding near the tail, just before the rattle.
4. Behavior
Western Diamondbacks tend to be more aggressive and will coil, hiss, and rattle if threatened. Gopher Snakes, though they may mimic this behavior, are generally non-venomous and more likely to flee or bluff.
Understanding these differences can help you stay safe when exploring snake habitats. Learn more about identifying different snake species here.
